Duplication

Duplication simply means to copy. Imagine that you are into production, you produce one item and you have the ability to turn it into 2, 10, 100, 1000, even millions of copies of the same item without having to go through the entire process of production you went through initially to produce the first copy.
Duplication makes it possible for you to do that with the use of modern technologies. Duplication has a lot of advantages:
1. The stress  and cost of production is drastically reduced.
2. Work done could be reused and could be made into as many copies as you want. Thus, you can continue to reap the benefit of one work for years after it was done.
3. You don't have to do everything alone, you can delegate responsibility.
      Duplication works perfectly well with digital products (i.e.soft wares) in form of text, photos, audios and videos etc. Example, music audios and videos, movies, e-books, applications etc.
   Some products initially stored in digital form can be made into physical form by printing and can also be duplicated. Example, books, bill boards, calendars, flyers, complementary cards etc.
    There are some products and services that can not be duplicated. You have to go through the same process of producing every single item or of providing the service manually. Example dress making, furniture, massage etc. However, there are some methods and procedures that could be employed to ease the mass  production of such products and mass provision of such services. These include:
1.  Use of large and trained labour force. If you are the technical person, you can duplicate yourself by training others to assist you.
2. Use of specialized machines
3. Division of labour
4. Specialization
5. Teamwork.

                                                      Division Of Labour

This is a system whereby a production is broken into stages such that each stage is handled by an individual or a group. For example, if you visit a building site where casting is done, you will see some labourers putting sand in the mixer, some putting concrete and others, water. You will also see the mixer operator doing nothing else but to operate the mixer. After  the mixing, the labourers pack the mixture to the masons who do the casting. You can see here , the process of casting broken into different stages and handled by different people before the finished product. This makes the work easy and efficient.

                                                         Specialization

This is a situation whereby a firm or an individual focus on the production of a single or a few commodities in which he knows how to do best or in which he has a comparable advantage. It is also a situation whereby an individual concentrates his effort on a particular stage or process of production, as you can see in the example above. As the person concentrates his effort on one thing all the time, his skill in the job is enhanced, and he can do it faster, better and more efficiently. Division of labour and specialization help to increase productivity. It is therefore, easier, cheaper and more efficient to work in cooperation with other people than to work alone. It reduces wastage of time, energy and resources.

                                                             Teamwork

This is another very efficient method of accomplishing a task or achieving common goal. It is mainly used when people are working together as a group. In teamwork, everyone in the group knows the task on hand to be accomplished. And everyone has one thing in mind --- to accomplish it. So, all cooperatively bend their efforts toward accomplishing it. Everyone in the group is made to understand the seriousness or the urgency of the task at hand. Hence, they are all conscious of the need to accomplish it and so each member of the group is willing to do everything he can to ensure that the group succeeds. This method is especially helpful when people want to accomplish a task within a stipulated time or in an urgent situation.

Unlike in specialization or division of labour where some people could be idle at some points because the work left is not their area of specialization or has not been assigned to them, here, everyone knows virtually everything to be done and they quickly fill in the gap when there is a need. Even if they do not have expert knowledge in all respect, but the teamwork spirit makes them to willingly assist the experts to hasten up the work. Example of this type of cooperation is team sports like football, basketball etc. As well as factory workers who have a specific daily, weekly or monthly targets to meet.